Mediating role of Stakeholders Engagement on relation between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance

Authors

  • Shivangi Songara Department of Management Studies, Oriental University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Author
  • Dr. Dheeraj Nim Department of Management Studies, Oriental University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.66635/3sf0vh64

Keywords:

Corporate social responsibility (CSR), financial performance, stakeholder engagement, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), firm performance

Abstract

Purpose: Sustainability is multidimensional concept which is gaining interest recently. Various studies have performed to examine the relationship between the two still its relation with financial performance is inconclusive. The study aims to analyze the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance of small and medium enterprises while focusing on stakeholder engagement as a mediator variable.
Design/Approach: Mediation analysis was employed to examine the mediating role of stakeholder engagement. For this study, primary data was collected from 196 Indian SMEs through structured questionnaire.
Findings: The results reveal that CSR has a significant positive impact on both stakeholder engagement and financial performance. Moreover, the stakeholder engagement has a strong impact on financial performance, which proves its utmost importance to organizational success. The finding highlights the importance of transparency and responsible practices in enhancing stakeholder trust, participation and involvement. It aligns with the motion that CSR activities act as a communication mechanism that strengthens firm-stakeholder relationships.
Originality/Value: The study contributes to our knowledge about leading of CSR practices to improve financial performance of SMEs in India. This paper is in a class by itself to authorize the association of CSR and financial performance of Indian SMEs taking stakeholder engagement as mediating factor.

References

1.Agyapong, E.K., Annor, L.D.J. & Ohemeng W. (2023). Corporate Social Responsibility and performance among rural banks in Ghana: the moderating role of governance structures. International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 51(1), pages 31-45, July. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-02-2023-0116

2.Ansong, A. (2017). Corporate social responsibility and firm performance of Ghanaian SMEs: The role of stakeholder engagement. Cogent Business and Management, 4(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.10 80/23 311975.2017.1333704

3.Arevalo, J. A., & Aravind, D. (2011). Corporate social responsibility practices in India: approach, drivers, and barriers. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 11(4), 399–414. https://doi.org/10.1108/14720701111159244

4.Awaysheh, A., Heron, R. A., Perry, T., & Wilson, J. I. (2020). On the relation between corporate social responsibility and financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, January, 965–987. https ://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3122

5.Barauskaite, G., & Streimikiene, D. (2020). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance of companies: The puzzle of concepts, definitions and assessment methods. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, July, csr.2048. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2048

6.Barney, J. B., & Hansen, M. H. (1994). Trustworthiness as a Source of Competitive Advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 15(S1), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250150912

7.Beck, C., Frost, G., & Jones, S. (2018). CSR disclosure and financial performance revisited: A cross-country analysis. Australian Journal of Management, 43(4), 517–537. https://doi.org/10.1177/0312896218771438

8.Bohlin, I., & Wiebe, J. (2016). Does it Pay for SMEs to be Good and Green ? Evidence on the impact of CSR on Financial Performance in the contextual setting of European and Asian SMEs Master’s. In Uppsala University.

9.Carroll, A. B. (1991). The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility : Toward the Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders Wp. 39–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(91)90005-G

10.Choi, J. S., Kwak, Y. M., & Choe, C. (2010). Corporate social responsibility and corporate financial performance: Evidence from Korea. Australian Journal of Management, 35(3), 291–311. https://doi.org/10 .1177/031 m 2896210384681

11.Choi, J., & Wang, H. (2009). Stakeholder relations and the persistence of corporate financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 30(8), 895–907. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.759

12.Das, L., & Bhunia, A. (2016). The Impact of CSR on Firms ’ Financial Performance – A Literature Review. American Journal of Business, Economics and Management, 4(4), 66–74.

13.Garriga, E., & Mele, D. (2017). Corporate social responsibility theories: Mapping the territory. Corporate Social Responsibility, 107–127.

14.Gorjian Khanzad, Z., & Gooyabadi, A. (2022). The Interplay of CSR (corporate Social responsibility) and individual social resonsibility (ISR) towards enhanced organizational resilience in MNCs. Open Journal of Business and Management, 10, 314-336 https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2022.101019

15.Jahmane, A., & Gaies, B. (2020). Corporate social responsibility, financial instability and corporate financial performance: Linear, non-linear and spillover effects – The case of the CAC 40 companies. Finance Research Letters, 34(December 2019), 101483. https://doi.or g/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101483

16.Javaid, S., & Al-Malkawi, H. A. N. (2018). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance in Saudi Arabia: Evidence from Zakat contribution. Managerial Finance, 44(6), 648–664. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-12-2016-0366

17.Jo, H., & Na, H. (2012). Does CSR Reduce Firm Risk? Evidence from Controversial Industry Sectors. Journal of Business Ethics, 110(4), 441–456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1492-2

18.Kapoor, S., & Sandhu, H. S. (2010). Does it Pay to be Socially Responsible? An Empirical Examination of Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance. Global Business Review, 11(2), 185–208. https://doi. org/10.1177/097215091001100205

19.Kaur, S. (2018). A study on the impact of CSR performance on the financial performance of Indian service sector. In Int. J. Business Competition and Growth (Vol. 6, Issue 2). https://www.cleverism.com/using-corporate-socialresponsibility-improve-brand/

20.Koh, K., Li, H., & Tong, Y. H. (2023). Corporate social responsibility ( CSR ) performance and stakeholder engagement: Evidence from the quantity and quality of CSR disclosures. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(2), 504–517. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2370

21.Lin, C. H., Yang, H. L., & Liou, D. Y. (2009). The impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance: Evidence from business in Taiwan. Technology in Society, 31(1), 56–63. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.techsoc.2008.10.004

22.Lin, W., Ho, J., & Sambasivan, M. (2018). Impact of Corporate Political Activity on the Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach. Sustainability, 11(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010060

23.Long, W., Li, S., Wu, H., & Song, X. (2020). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: The roles of government intervention and market competition. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(2), 525–541. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1817

24.Lorne, F. T., & Dilling, P. (2012). Creating Values for Sustainability: Stakeholders Engagement, Incentive Alignment, and Value Currency. Economics Research International, 2012, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/142910

25.Malik, M. S., & Kanwal, L. (2018). Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Financial Performance: Case Study of Listed Pharmaceutical Firms of Pakistan. Journal of Business Ethics, 150(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3134-6

26.Mallin, C., Farag, H., & Ow-Yong, K. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance in Islamic banks. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 103, S21–S38. https://doi.org/10.10 16/j.jebo. 2014.03.001

27.Mansaray, A. P., Yuanyuan, L., & Brima, S. (2017). International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Financial Performance of Firms in Africa. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(5), 137–146.

28.Maqbool, S., & Zameer, M. N. (2018). Corporate social responsibility and fi nancial performance : An empirical analysis of Indian banks. Future Business Journal, 4(1), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbj.2017.12.002

29.Mishra, S., & Suar, D. (2010). Does Corporate Social Responsibility Influence Firm Performance of Indian Companies? Journal of Business Ethics, 95(4), 571–601. https://doi.org/10.1007 /s10551-010-0441-1

30.Muchiri, M.K., Erdei-Gally, S. & Fekete-Farkas, M. (2022). Effect of CSR on the financial performance of financial institutions in Kenya. Economies, 10(7), 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/ec onomies10070174

31.Nelling, E., & Webb, E. (2009). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: The “virtuous circle” revisited. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 32(2), 197–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-008-0090-y

32.Nwagbara, U., Idowu, S. O., & Alhassan, Y. (2024). Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure in Developing and Emerging Economies: Institutional, Governance and Regulatory Issues.

33.O’Riordan, L., & Fairbrass, J. (2014). Managing CSR Stakeholder Engagement: A New Conceptual Framework. Journal of Business Ethics, 125(1), 121–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1913-x

34.Oyewumi, O. R., Ogunmeru, O. A., & Oboh, C. S. (2018). Investment in corporate social responsibility, disclosure practices, and financial performance of banks in Nigeria. Future Business Journal, 4(2), 195–205. https://doi.org /10.1016/j.fbj.2018.06.004

35.Partalidou, X., Zafeiriou, E., Giannarakis, G., & Sariannidis, N. (2020). The effect of corporate social responsibility performance on financial performance: the case of food industry. Benchmarking, 27(10), 2701–2720. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-11-2019-0501

36.Peloza, J., & Papania, L. (2008). The Missing Link between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: Stakeholder Salience and Identification. Corporate Reputation Review, 11(2), 169–181. https://doi.org/10.10 57/crr.2008.13

37.Platonova, E., Asutay, M., Dixon, R., & Mohammad, S. (2018). The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Financial Performance: Evidence from the GCC Islamic Banking Sector. Journal of Business Ethics, 151(2), 451–471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3229-0

38.Santos, M. (2011). CSR in SMEs: strategies, practices, motivations and obstacles. Social Responsibility Journal, 7(3), 490–508. https://doi.org/10.1108/17471111111154581

39.Scholtens, B., & Zhou, Y. (2008). Stakeholder relations and financial performance. Sustainable Development, 16(3), 213–232. https://doi.o rg/10.1002/sd.364

40.Sekhon, A. K., & Kathuria, L. M. (2020). Analyzing the impact of corporate social responsibility on corporate financial performance: evidence from top Indian firms. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 20(1), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-04-2019-0135

41.Soana, M. (2011). The relationship between corporate social performance and corporate financial performance in the banking sector. 1–24.

42.Soleman, A.-B., & Tiffanie Victoria, J. (2021). Statistical Mediation Analysis Using the Sobel Test and Hayes Spss Process Macro. International Journal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods, 9(1), 42–61. https://ssrn.com/a bstract=3799204

43.Tang, Z., Hull, C. E., & Rothenberg, S. (2012). How Corporate Social Responsibility Engagement Strategy Moderates the CSR–Financial Performance Relationship. Journal of Management Studies, 49(7), 1274–1303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2012.01068.x

44.Wood, D. J., & Jones, R. E. (1998). Stakeholder Mismatching: A Theoretical Problem in Empirical Research on Corporate Social Performance. In The Corporation and Its Stakeholders (Vol. 3, Issue 3, pp. 315–363). University of Toronto Press. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442673496-015

Downloads

Published

2026-04-23

How to Cite

Mediating role of Stakeholders Engagement on relation between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance. (2026). Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 22(2S), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.66635/3sf0vh64